Author: Farnaz

  Golestan National Park Golestan National Park: A Sanctuary of Breathtaking Biodiversity Nestled in the northeastern corner of Iran, Golestan National Park stands as a testament to the country's commitment to preserving its natural heritage. This vast and diverse protected area encompasses a wide range of ecosystems, from dense forests to arid landscapes, creating a haven for an incredible variety of flora and fauna.   Golestan Biosphere Reserve is situated in Golestan province of Iran at the border to Turkmenistan. It belongs to the Caucaso-Iranian highlands and is situated in-between the sub-humid and semi-arid Caspian regions. The biosphere reserve represents three biomes: temperate rain forest, cold (continental) winter and semi-deserts and mixed mountain and highland systems. A vast variety of habitats can be found, such as closed forests, open woodlands and shrubs, mountain meadows, steppes, halophytic, hygrophilous and aquatic communities. Golestan is also designated as a national park. Golestan offers a great ethnic diversity. The 26,000 inhabitants (2000) of the biosphere reserve are Turk, Persian and Kurdish. Their main activities consist in agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture, industry, silk production and tourism. Adverse effects on the transition area come from traffic, overgrazing of rangelands and deforestation.   1. Introduction: Nature's Masterpiece A. Size and Location Golestan National Park, established in 1957, spans over 900,000 hectares, making it one of the largest national parks in Iran. Located in the Golestan Province, it encompasses a rich tapestry of landscapes. B. UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Recognizing its ecological significance, Golestan National Park was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1976, underscoring its role in the conservation of biodiversity.   2. Biodiversity Hotspot: Flora and Fauna A. Diverse Ecosystems The park boasts an astonishing diversity of ecosystems, including temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, alpine meadows, and vast steppes. Each zone harbors a unique array of